The State Integrity Investigation report, released Monday, graded each state’s corruption risk by assessing 330 measures across ethics enforcement, campaign finance, procurement and numerous other areas. Eight states received failing grades, with only five scoring in the “B” range.
Many were surprised to hear New Jersey – home of The Sopranos – topped the list with a B+. The state received high marks for ethics enforcement, lobbying disclosure and internal auditing.
The study provides an exhaustive review of how some states made progress, while others still lack controls to mitigate corruption.
So how do the rankings compare to public corruption convictions?
The Justice Department’s Public Integrity Section compiles annual data on public corruption prosecutions from district offices. Governing analyzed data from 2001 to 2010, comparing it with population numbers and government employees for each state.
There are quite a few ways to break down the data. In terms of raw totals, the more populous states racked up the most prosecutions over the decade, led by Texas (697), California (679), Florida (674) and New York (589).
Numbers for convictions per capita tell a different story. Here’s a table of states with the highest per-capita rates for the decade, compared with 2010 Census figures:
| State | 2010 Population | 2001-2010 Public Corruption Convictions | Convictions/100K Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Louisiana | 4,533,372 | 384 | 8.5 |
| North Dakota | 672,591 | 55 | 8.2 |
| South Dakota | 814,180 | 59 | 7.2 |
| Alaska | 710,231 | 48 | 6.8 |
| Kentucky | 4,339,367 | 281 | 6.5 |
| Mississippi | 2,967,297 | 178 | 6.0 |
| Montana | 989,415 | 59 | 6.0 |
| Alabama | 4779736 | 273 | 5.7 |
| Virginia | 8,001,024 | 413 | 5.2 |
| Delaware | 897,934 | 46 | 5.1 |
However, each state's public employee workforce is not necessarily proportional to its population. Alaska, for instance, has far more workers on its payrolls per capita than Pennsylvania and other states. The Justice Department data includes public employees for all levels of government, along with private citizens involved in corruption cases.
With that in mind, we also compiled the Labor Department’s 2010 annual employment data for government workers. The table below shows states with the highest conviction rates per 10,000 employed in local, state and federal government:
| State | 2010 Government Employment | 2001-2010 Public Corruption Convictions | Convictions/10,000 Employees |
|---|---|---|---|
| Louisiana | 366,300 | 384 | 10.5 |
| Kentucky | 330,700 | 281 | 8.5 |
| South Dakota | 78,700 | 59 | 7.5 |
| Delaware | 63,800 | 46 | 7.2 |
| Mississippi | 249,000 | 178 | 7.1 |
| Pennsylvania | 761,200 | 542 | 7.1 |
| Alabama | 387,200 | 273 | 7.1 |
| North Dakota | 79,600 | 55 | 6.9 |
| New Jersey | 640,000 | 429 | 6.7 |
| Montana | 91,400 | 59 | 6.5 |
| Ohio | 780,200 | 495 | 6.3 |
| Florida | 1,112,300 | 674 | 6.1 |
Oregon (1.2 convictions per 10,000 employees) and Kansas (1.3 convictions) had the lowest rates.
Finally, here’s a further breakdown of those convicted over the ten year period (state-by-state figures were unavailable):
Local government: 8,993 (44 percent)
State government: 1,810 (9 percent)
Federal government: 4,429 (22 percent)
Private citizens: 5,140 (25 percent)
Of course, these numbers in no way represent the actual level of corruption in states. The Justice Department also occasionally holds trials in the District of Columbia, even though the alleged crimes occur elsewhere, so the District’s per-capita rate is higher than any state. Each U.S. Attorney’s Office's agenda and staffing levels likely sway the totals as well.
Then, there’s the obvious question: How many corrupt officials are actually caught?
The University of Illinois at Chicago published a report earlier this year using a similar methodology, declaring the Chicago metropolitan area the most corrupt in the country and Illinois the third most corrupt state. Researchers based their rankings on total public corruption convictions since 1976.
The pronouncement was hardly a surprise to residents of the Windy City. This week, a federal corrections facility in Colorado got a new inmate, number 40892-424, better known as former Gov. Rod Blagojevich.
Data
Click a state in the map below to display annual corruption convictions data:
Convictions per 100K pop., 2001-2010
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| 0-2 | 2.1-4 | 4.1-6 | > 6 |
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Census Bureau
