A Tale of Two Recoveries a Decade Since the Recession

Like many smaller economies, the Binghamton, N.Y., region has seen its workforce slowly dwindle since the arrival of the Great Recession. Its large manufacturing sector was hit hard as companies lost defense contracts and a nearby IBM facility implemented multiple rounds of layoffs. Over the past decade, the region shed nearly 9 percent of its workforce -- one of the largest declines of any metro area in the nation.

Elsewhere in the state, the sprawling New York City metro area and the state capital of Albany have experienced much stronger recoveries -- up about 9 percent and 4.4 percent, respectively.

New York is, in many ways, a microcosm of what's happened across much of the country since the Great Recession began 10 years ago this month: The most populated regions and those with highly educated workforces have recovered, while smaller areas mostly continue to struggle.

Governing analyzed federal employment estimates for all metro areas over the 10-year period. Data show the smallest regions with less than 50,000 workers have seen their economies grow by an average of just 1.6 percent. Metro areas with workforces of at least a half million, on the other hand, have seen their economies grow by an average of about 10 percent.

 

Metro Area Workforce	Average Job Change Since Recession Began	Metro Area Count
Less than 50,000	1.6%	48
50,000 to 100,000	3.7%	112
100,00 to 200,000	4.4%	78
200,000 to 500,000	6.4%	55
500,000 to 1 million	10.4%	21
More than 1 million	9.1%	28

SOURCE: Governing calculations of BLS December 2007 and October 2017 estimates

 

The main issue holding back smaller regions is that their economies often aren’t very diverse, says Gary Keith, a regional economist with M&T Bank in New York. “There’s 20 or 25 big metro areas that have done extremely well," he says, "but everyone else has not kept that type of pace.”

But if there’s one advantage these smaller regions have going for them, Keith adds, it’s that they offer a much lower cost-of-living than a large metropolis or coastal city. That, he says, could help to slow population losses.

The few small metro areas with sharp job gains tend to be well-educated college towns. Consider Ithaca, N.Y., where over half of adults hold either bachelor’s or advanced degrees (The U.S. average is 33 percent.). The region’s labor market has expanded 13 percent over the decade, the largest increase in the state.

Education is a major determining factor in how regional economies have fared.

Just about everywhere suffered job losses the first few years of the recession. But over the decade, regions where at least a quarter of adults hold bachelor’s or advanced degrees experienced more than double the rate of job growth of other less-educated labor markets.

 

 

Types of industries that make up local economies also explain regions’ diverging fortunes.

Education, health and business-related industries have all recovered quite well. That’s helped prop up regions with more of these jobs, particularly state capitals and those home to large universities. Other large sectors of the economy, however, including construction and wholesale trade, still employ fewer workers now than their recession-era peaks, according to Labor Department figures.

That's especially true for regions that rely heavily on manufacturing.

Rockford, Ill., one such region, has sustained among the largest job losses since the recession began. Downsizing in manufacturing led to declines in retail trade, construction and other segments of the area’s economy, says Tom Austin, an economist with the Illinois Department of Employment Security. The region responded with a slew of initiatives targeting education and workforce development, such as a new four-year engineering program at local colleges and career readiness academy programs at Rockford Public Schools.

Many of the hardest-hit regions over the decade, such as Rockford and Binghamton, are either manufacturing centers or home to a single industry. By contrast, regions with the top employment gains were college towns or those supported by tech or energy firms.

 

Largest Metro Job Losses		Top Job Growth Rates
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ	-10.7%	Austin-Round Rock, TX	31.9%
Binghamton, NY	-8.6%	Provo-Orem, UT	30.8%
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA	-8.0%	Greeley, CO	25.5%
Lafayette, LA	-7.2%	Lake Charles, LA	24.2%
Rockford, IL	-6.8%	College Station-Bryan, TX	23.3%
Peoria, IL	-6.8%	Nashville-Davidson, TN	23.2%
Fort Smith, AR-OK	-6.6%	Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO	23.1%
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC	-6.3%	Fort Collins, CO	22.8%
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH	-6.0%	San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX	22.7%
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA	-6.0%	Fargo, ND-MN	20.3%

NOTE: Data is shown for metro areas with at least 100,000 jobs. Some economies peaked sooner or later than others, so reviewing other periods would yield different rankings. SOURCE: Governing calculations of BLS seasonally adjusted monthly data since December 2007

 

If there's one small metro area that's enjoyed rapid growth counter to national trends, it's Lake Charles, La. The area's economy is one of the fastest growing in the country, propelled by major investments in liquefied natural gas facilities.

But for Lafayette, Shreveport and other regional economies in the state that are also closely tied to the energy sector, the story has been much different. After initially booming, they experienced major job losses as oil prices dropped or drillers shifted operations elsewhere.

Loren Scott, a Louisiana State University economist, says Lafayette and Shreveport have since lured some tech firms, but they tend to be smaller companies that employ less than 100 workers. “Education," Scott adds, "plays a role in keeping these economies from diversifying as much as they would like."

Still, this all doesn't mean that struggling economies can't reverse job losses. M&T Bank’s Keith cited Pittsburgh and Buffalo, N.Y., as two once predominately industrial areas that have reinvented their economies. “It’s almost a mental block that comes into play about how a community views itself and what it should be doing,” Keith says. “The more you recognize that you’re not going to have the industrial path come back, the better off you’ll be.”

 

Metro Area	Change	Dec. 2007 Employment	Oct. 2017 Employment
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ	-6.1%	52,500	49,300
Dalton, GA	-9.4%	77,500	70,200
Merced, CA	9.2%	60,600	66,200
Hanford-Corcoran, CA	3.7%	38,000	39,400
Madera, CA	5.4%	36,900	38,900
Danville, IL	-9.4%	31,000	28,100
Visalia-Porterville, CA	8.5%	117,000	126,900
El Centro, CA	6.3%	49,600	52,700
Yuma, AZ	0.7%	54,300	54,700
Houma-Thibodaux, LA	-12.2%	97,000	85,200
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ	-2.9%	62,300	60,500
Odessa, TX	15.1%	61,400	70,700
Farmington, NM	-9.2%	53,100	48,200
Bakersfield, CA	7.1%	243,200	260,500
Morristown, TN	0.0%	47,000	47,000
Mansfield, OH	-8.0%	57,600	53,000
Yakima, WA	7.7%	79,600	85,700
Pine Bluff, AR	-14.1%	38,300	32,900
Rocky Mount, NC	-12.5%	64,600	56,500
Cumberland, MD-WV	-2.0%	39,700	38,900
Longview, WA	2.1%	38,500	39,300
Gadsden, AL	3.4%	37,900	39,200
Yuba City, CA	4.0%	42,200	43,900
Fort Smith, AR-OK	-6.6%	121,400	113,400
Texarkana, TX-AR	-2.7%	62,100	60,400
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX	14.9%	124,600	143,200
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH	-14.7%	48,400	41,300
Modesto, CA	7.7%	163,300	175,800
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX	19.0%	217,600	259,000
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX	-2.4%	166,700	162,700
Alexandria, LA	-4.3%	65,500	62,700
Laredo, TX	16.7%	89,600	104,600
Michigan City-La Porte, IN	-13.9%	46,600	40,100
Lima, OH	-5.0%	55,800	53,000
Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL	-11.9%	53,100	46,800
Albany, GA	-3.2%	64,800	62,700
Longview, TX	0.3%	97,600	97,900
Ocala, FL	-1.0%	105,000	103,900
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC	-6.3%	161,500	151,400
Victoria, TX	0.2%	42,200	42,300
Hinesville, GA	11.4%	18,400	20,500
Springfield, OH	-5.3%	52,900	50,100
Elkhart-Goshen, IN	7.7%	128,900	138,800
Muskegon, MI	-1.4%	64,800	63,900
Bay City, MI	-5.5%	37,900	35,800
Goldsboro, NC	-8.4%	45,200	41,400
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV	-8.1%	43,200	39,700
Stockton-Lodi, CA	6.6%	215,900	230,200
Cleveland, TN	19.4%	40,800	48,700
Dothan, AL	-6.7%	62,400	58,200
Rome, GA	-2.4%	42,200	41,200
Monroe, MI	1.4%	42,300	42,900
Kankakee, IL	1.6%	44,800	45,500
Owensboro, KY	4.5%	51,100	53,400
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL	6.4%	209,200	222,500
Kokomo, IN	3.1%	41,600	42,900
St. Joseph, MO-KS	5.5%	59,600	62,900
Johnstown, PA	-9.3%	62,100	56,300
Decatur, AL	-9.2%	59,500	54,000
Terre Haute, IN	-2.7%	73,600	71,600
Sumter, SC	1.0%	38,800	39,200
Flint, MI	-4.8%	148,100	141,000
Jacksonville, NC	6.9%	46,600	49,800
Corpus Christi, TX	7.7%	182,800	196,900
Fresno, CA	10.0%	314,400	345,700
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH	-6.0%	146,700	137,900
Altoona, PA	-4.8%	62,800	59,800
Lebanon, PA	3.0%	50,300	51,800
Redding, CA	3.7%	65,700	68,100
Wheeling, WV-OH	-2.3%	68,300	66,700
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA	-1.2%	123,800	122,300
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV	4.5%	102,900	107,500
Florence, SC	0.5%	88,500	88,900
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA	13.5%	1,286,600	1,460,700
Jackson, MI	0.0%	58,300	58,300
Battle Creek, MI	2.2%	58,200	59,500
Saginaw, MI	1.8%	88,700	90,300
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA	-6.0%	237,100	222,900
Janesville-Beloit, WI	-0.4%	70,200	69,900
Sherman-Denison, TX	7.8%	43,400	46,800
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY	10.3%	52,500	57,900
Williamsport, PA	-2.2%	54,000	52,800
Valdosta, GA	-0.4%	57,000	56,800
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL	1.2%	56,700	57,400
Lawton, OK	3.1%	44,600	46,000
Lake Charles, LA	24.2%	93,500	116,100
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD	1.0%	86,600	87,500
Carson City, NV	-9.8%	32,600	29,400
Lafayette, LA	-7.2%	214,200	198,700
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS	-3.0%	161,300	156,400
Punta Gorda, FL	11.3%	44,400	49,400
Joplin, MO	2.8%	80,000	82,200
Wichita Falls, TX	-6.1%	61,900	58,100
Canton-Massillon, OH	-1.1%	173,400	171,500
El Paso, TX	13.8%	280,900	319,700
Hot Springs, AR	-1.5%	38,800	38,200
Waco, TX	8.8%	109,400	119,000
Fond du Lac, WI	-1.4%	49,000	48,300
Lewiston, ID-WA	5.8%	27,800	29,400
Killeen-Temple, TX	18.5%	126,200	149,600
Rockford, IL	-6.8%	161,900	150,900
Burlington, NC	0.5%	62,200	62,500
Pueblo, CO	6.1%	58,800	62,400
Panama City, FL	6.8%	80,800	86,300
Abilene, TX	2.2%	66,900	68,400
Spartanburg, SC	8.7%	138,800	150,900
Macon-Bibb County, GA	2.0%	101,200	103,200
Casper, WY	-6.2%	40,200	37,700
Mobile, AL	-3.2%	184,700	178,700
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL	6.9%	189,500	202,500
Jonesboro, AR	16.5%	49,000	57,100
San Angelo, TX	7.2%	46,000	49,300
Clarksville, TN-KY	9.0%	82,000	89,400
Wenatchee, WA	13.9%	40,400	46,000
Warner Robins, GA	6.0%	70,000	74,200
Monroe, LA	1.0%	79,200	80,000
Brunswick, GA	-3.7%	46,000	44,300
Dover, DE	2.8%	67,700	69,600
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA	-8.0%	193,400	177,900
Columbus, GA-AL	-0.2%	121,800	121,500
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV	5.8%	931,400	985,300
Jackson, TN	5.8%	65,200	69,000
Gainesville, GA	14.5%	78,800	90,200
Charleston, WV	-5.9%	126,700	119,200
Fayetteville, NC	2.7%	128,700	132,200
York-Hanover, PA	0.2%	183,700	184,100
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA	0.1%	262,900	263,100
Decatur, IL	-8.0%	55,100	50,700
Utica-Rome, NY	-3.7%	132,700	127,800
Amarillo, TX	7.0%	114,100	122,100
Reading, PA	3.0%	174,100	179,300
Salinas, CA	5.8%	132,100	139,800
Coeur d'Alene, ID	9.3%	56,900	62,200
Bowling Green, KY	10.5%	69,600	76,900
Muncie, IN	-2.3%	53,200	52,000
Evansville, IN-KY	3.1%	156,600	161,400
Sheboygan, WI	-3.9%	64,300	61,800
Elmira, NY	-10.9%	41,100	36,600
Salem, OR	6.5%	153,300	163,200
Racine, WI	-3.5%	80,300	77,500
Wausau, WI	-1.6%	74,600	73,400
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC	5.2%	157,000	165,100
Glens Falls, NY	-0.2%	56,900	56,800
Chattanooga, TN-GA	4.9%	247,500	259,700
Port St. Lucie, FL	11.2%	133,100	148,000
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL	-9.1%	46,000	41,800
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC	9.6%	220,500	241,700
Johnson City, TN	0.7%	80,300	80,900
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA	3.5%	48,300	50,000
Tyler, TX	11.4%	96,500	107,500
Lynchburg, VA	-4.2%	108,700	104,100
St. Cloud, MN	6.8%	103,500	110,500
Vallejo-Fairfield, CA	7.2%	128,800	138,100
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ	-10.7%	149,700	133,700
Toledo, OH	1.4%	309,400	313,600
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL	5.1%	167,900	176,400
Lancaster, PA	6.0%	239,300	253,600
Winchester, VA-WV	11.0%	57,500	63,800
Kennewick-Richland, WA	19.5%	93,700	112,000
Midland, TX	27.8%	69,500	88,800
Great Falls, MT	0.8%	35,600	35,900
Green Bay, WI	3.2%	169,700	175,100
Fort Wayne, IN	1.9%	216,700	220,800
Medford, OR	3.5%	83,600	86,500
Jefferson City, MO	-3.9%	80,100	77,000
Tuscaloosa, AL	7.6%	100,300	107,900
Prescott, AZ	-2.7%	64,100	62,400
Duluth, MN-WI	1.8%	135,000	137,400
Idaho Falls, ID	8.5%	60,200	65,300
Chico, CA	8.5%	76,600	83,100
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL	-2.4%	188,600	184,100
Winston-Salem, NC	0.2%	261,300	261,700
Niles-Benton Harbor, MI	-5.3%	65,600	62,100
Erie, PA	-3.5%	133,900	129,200
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL	15.1%	225,100	259,100
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI	-1.3%	143,900	142,100
Greeley, CO	25.5%	82,500	103,500
Eau Claire, WI	-0.8%	84,900	84,200
Tulsa, OK	3.1%	435,200	448,600
Grand Junction, CO	-5.9%	64,700	60,900
Pocatello, ID	1.9%	36,100	36,800
Springfield, MO	6.6%	201,800	215,100
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI	4.0%	93,300	97,000
Binghamton, NY	-8.6%	114,200	104,400
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC	8.5%	382,400	415,000
Topeka, KS	3.5%	110,000	113,900
Roanoke, VA	1.2%	162,700	164,700
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX	22.7%	858,200	1,053,000
Memphis, TN-MS-AR	0.4%	642,500	645,300
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA	0.4%	90,100	90,500
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL	6.1%	49,500	52,500
Lubbock, TX	14.4%	129,300	147,900
Peoria, IL	-6.8%	187,900	175,200
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ	5.1%	346,100	363,900
Rapid City, SD	7.6%	63,500	68,300
Knoxville, TN	6.0%	373,700	396,200
St. George, UT	18.2%	54,900	64,900
Baton Rouge, LA	7.8%	379,700	409,500
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA	4.1%	235,800	245,500
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN	10.4%	613,400	677,100
Montgomery, AL	-2.3%	179,100	175,000
Dayton, OH	0.2%	389,800	390,600
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL	2.1%	211,900	216,400
Harrisonburg, VA	8.6%	63,600	69,100
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL	10.1%	1,218,400	1,341,100
Greensboro-High Point, NC	-2.4%	370,300	361,500
Las Cruces, NM	4.8%	69,300	72,600
Appleton, WI	6.9%	119,700	128,000
Cheyenne, WY	5.6%	44,800	47,300
New Orleans-Metairie, LA	7.1%	537,900	576,300
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL	8.8%	105,500	114,800
Birmingham-Hoover, AL	-1.8%	534,800	525,200
Eugene, OR	2.2%	157,700	161,200
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR	2.4%	348,300	356,500
Billings, MT	5.5%	81,500	86,000
Jacksonville, FL	9.7%	628,400	689,500
Wichita, KS	-2.3%	307,800	300,600
Reno, NV	2.7%	222,200	228,200
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO	23.1%	208,700	256,900
Dubuque, IA	7.0%	55,800	59,700
Oklahoma City, OK	10.0%	580,600	638,700
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL	15.7%	1,085,100	1,255,100
Hattiesburg, MS	5.7%	61,400	64,900
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI	3.8%	1,945,000	2,018,700
Ogden-Clearfield, UT	14.0%	223,800	255,100
Jackson, MS	3.2%	271,800	280,500
Cleveland-Elyria, OH	0.1%	1,069,100	1,069,800
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA	4.1%	332,900	346,500
Cedar Rapids, IA	4.6%	138,800	145,200
Akron, OH	-1.1%	342,400	338,700
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ	5.7%	1,919,700	2,029,500
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN	6.6%	75,200	80,200
Columbus, IN	18.3%	45,900	54,300
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC	-0.8%	772,500	766,000
Greenville, NC	1.5%	77,700	78,900
Grand Forks, ND-MN	5.0%	53,800	56,500
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL	10.4%	2,418,300	2,669,500
Ocean City, NJ	5.3%	43,200	45,500
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY	2.5%	548,100	561,600
Kingston, NY	-0.6%	63,000	62,600
Anchorage, AK	5.6%	168,400	177,900
Savannah, GA	12.7%	160,900	181,300
Tucson, AZ	-2.8%	384,400	373,600
Albuquerque, NM	-1.0%	398,400	394,500
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL	14.7%	269,500	309,100
Syracuse, NY	-0.4%	320,700	319,300
Boise City, ID	16.3%	274,900	319,700
Bremerton-Silverdale, WA	2.4%	87,900	90,000
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI	14.5%	488,800	559,600
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX	16.2%	2,623,000	3,048,100
Columbia, SC	7.6%	368,500	396,500
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN	4.7%	1,051,000	1,100,500
Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA	6.3%	918,100	975,800
Sioux Falls, SD	14.1%	134,500	153,400
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI	3.7%	145,200	150,500
Bismarck, ND	17.4%	62,600	73,500
Pittsburgh, PA	2.5%	1,147,700	1,176,100
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN	12.0%	958,000	1,072,800
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA	3.9%	297,200	308,900
Asheville, NC	8.0%	176,400	190,500
Mankato-North Mankato, MN	6.6%	54,900	58,500
Salt Lake City, UT	17.2%	620,200	727,000
Fairbanks, AK	-1.8%	38,000	37,300
St. Louis, MO-IL	1.8%	1,357,300	1,381,800
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA	4.9%	5,777,600	6,058,300
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN	14.4%	93,000	106,400
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA	6.2%	175,100	185,900
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC	14.4%	1,034,300	1,183,700
Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA	5.4%	74,700	78,700
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN	23.2%	800,500	986,600
Morgantown, WV	15.5%	61,900	71,500
Rochester, NY	1.7%	520,200	528,800
Bellingham, WA	8.9%	86,500	94,200
Napa, CA	11.6%	65,400	73,000
Charleston-North Charleston, SC	17.1%	304,500	356,500
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX	19.7%	3,041,100	3,640,600
Bend-Redmond, OR	14.5%	71,100	81,400
Urban Honolulu, HI	5.6%	457,700	483,500
Lansing-East Lansing, MI	2.5%	228,300	234,100
Springfield, IL	2.8%	111,600	114,700
Santa Rosa, CA	7.3%	190,300	204,100
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA	11.5%	103,600	115,500
Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL	16.5%	127,000	147,900
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI	0.3%	860,600	863,100
Olympia-Tumwater, WA	12.0%	104,100	116,600
Wilmington, NC	8.7%	117,600	127,800
Flagstaff, AZ	0.9%	66,100	66,700
Richmond, VA	9.1%	621,600	678,200
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA	8.5%	469,000	508,700
Columbus, OH	13.3%	962,800	1,091,200
Logan, UT-ID	12.0%	55,100	61,700
Auburn-Opelika, AL	21.8%	54,600	66,500
Kansas City, MO-KS	7.4%	1,009,900	1,084,700
College Station-Bryan, TX	23.3%	97,100	119,700
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD	4.2%	2,818,700	2,937,500
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY	4.4%	447,700	467,200
Athens-Clarke County, GA	6.7%	91,500	97,600
Rochester, MN	4.9%	113,900	119,500
Fargo, ND-MN	20.3%	119,800	144,100
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI	2.8%	4,561,100	4,686,800
Lexington-Fayette, KY	10.8%	254,400	281,900
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA	12.5%	326,300	367,200
Colorado Springs, CO	9.2%	261,200	285,300
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA	9.8%	1,322,800	1,453,000
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA	11.8%	1,050,600	1,174,800
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA	12.1%	2,463,100	2,762,100
Huntsville, AL	9.0%	214,000	233,200
Lincoln, NE	9.3%	174,400	190,700
Provo-Orem, UT	30.8%	191,200	250,100
Tallahassee, FL	1.6%	178,500	181,400
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD	6.7%	1,322,300	1,410,600
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA	8.6%	8,902,100	9,665,300
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA	5.2%	96,500	101,500
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA	13.4%	1,778,600	2,017,800
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI	9.1%	1,846,800	2,014,500
Bloomington, IN	0.7%	76,400	76,900
Gainesville, FL	7.1%	134,700	144,200
Trenton, NJ	11.0%	241,500	268,100
Santa Fe, NM	-3.9%	66,800	64,200
Champaign-Urbana, IL	-3.5%	112,700	108,700
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO	16.4%	1,253,300	1,459,100
Missoula, MT	6.9%	56,900	60,800
State College, PA	3.1%	74,900	77,200
Charlottesville, VA	9.4%	106,900	116,900
Bloomington, IL	-2.4%	96,400	94,100
Austin-Round Rock, TX	31.9%	783,800	1,033,800
Madison, WI	11.3%	363,300	404,200
Raleigh, NC	19.3%	524,200	625,600
Fort Collins, CO	22.8%	137,100	168,400
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC	12.0%	281,000	314,800
San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA	15.0%	2,079,600	2,392,400
Iowa City, IA	15.0%	90,200	103,700
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA	17.9%	928,800	1,095,300
Columbia, MO	12.1%	90,100	101,000
Ames, IA	13.3%	47,500	53,800
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV	8.8%	3,026,900	3,292,600
Lawrence, KS	3.3%	52,100	53,800
Ithaca, NY	13.0%	58,300	65,900
Ann Arbor, MI	11.2%	201,600	224,100
Corvallis, OR	11.5%	38,400	42,800
Boulder, CO	14.7%	166,800	191,400

SOURCE: BLS seasonally adjusted data. October estimates are preliminary,